• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention discloses a method for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image. The method mainly involves performing phase enrichment on remote sensing image data from SLC radar images and extracting structural information by utilizing spatial features to obtain structural information of a hidden area. The method in the present invention can interpret the structure information of the hidden area accurately, quickly, economically and effectively. In addition, the method is suitable for interpreting surface scans, can interpret covert geological structural information based on a surface region, and has relatively good applicability in conducting mineral exploration, covert target detection, hydrological resources, engineering, etc. Save manpower and material resources and achieve twice the performance with half the effort in interpreting the hidden geological structural information.
    公开号:CH716789A2
    申请号:CH00066/20
    申请日:2020-01-22
    公开日:2021-05-14
    发明作者:Yao Fojun；Geng Xinxia；Yang Jianmin
    申请人:Inst Of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy Of Geological Sciences；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL PART
    The present invention relates to the field of technologies for obtaining hidden geological structural information, in particular to a method for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image.
    BACKGROUND
    A hidden area is at a certain depth underground. As a rule, a remote sensing image cannot show the geological structure of a hidden area due to the earth's surface cover. Since the geological structures are different in different locations, the radar phases are usually also different in relation to different geological structures. Effective collection and use of information is an important part of processing remote sensing images. The structures under the Quaternary System or the desert are invisible, and the information of the hidden geological structures is very important for the exploration of hydrology and mineral resources, the prevention of geological disasters, civil engineering, etc. First, when planning reservoirs or other large infrastructure in an area, an obscured geological fault must be identified and treated accordingly. Second, a covert geological fault must be identified during water or mineral exploration.
    Issues related to hidden structures have not been well resolved for a long time. It is difficult to find a hidden geological fault using conventional exploration methods. Hidden geological structural information can generally not be detected by geological field investigations. In addition, an existing method for interpreting hidden geological structural information with the aid of an optical remote sensing image and radar data has a low level of accuracy. A geophysical technology can achieve a high level of interpretation accuracy, but it has high costs. The faults explored by geophysical methods are usually punctiform faults, which are punctiform, hidden geological structural information that is not based on a surface of a region. Therefore, this method cannot do a good job of meeting actual requirements.
    SUMMARY
    An object of this invention is to provide a method of extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image to solve the problems that an existing method of interpreting hidden geological structural information is high in cost and low in accuracy and hidden geological structural information on the Cannot interpret the basis of a surface of a region. In order to achieve the above-mentioned aim, the present invention offers the following solution: A method for extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image is provided, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining an image pair with two coherent scenes that occur in a predetermined time interval is recorded in the same image region; Preprocessing the data of each scene in the image pair to generate an image pair to be interfered, the image pair to be interfered containing single-look complex (SLC) radar images of the two scenes; Calculation of an interferometric phase between the SLC radar images of the two scenes in the image pair to be interfered, the interferometric phase containing the following information during the two imaging times in the imaging area: surface deformation information, topographical information, a reference ellipsoid trend phase resulting from an earth's curvature, a Orbit errors, an atmospheric effect and noise information resulting from the spatio-temporal decorrelation; Performing a baseline estimation in accordance with the image pair to be interfered and the interferometric phase to obtain an interfered image pair baseline; Removing a flat bottom effect of the imaging area corresponding to the interfered image pair base line and the interferometric phase in order to generate an interferometric phase after the removal of the flat bottom, wherein the interferometric phase after the removal of the flat bottom contains the soil deformation information and the topographical information during two imaging times in the imaging area; obtaining an elevation phase of the imaging area; the determination of a differential phase corresponding to the interferometric phase after the planar earth removal and the elevation phase; Carrying out the phase unwrapping (phase unwrapping) in accordance with the differential phase to generate a phase unwrapping; Carrying out the geocoding in accordance with the phase development to generate a coded phase development, the coded phase development containing the coordinate information of the imaging region; superimposing the encoded phase development with other information of the mapping area to produce an overlaid integrated information graph; Performing the geological interpretation and information extraction of the overlaid integrated information graph in order to generate an interpretation image of the hidden structural information in the imaging area; and reading out hidden structural information in the imaging region from the interpretation image of the hidden structural information. According to certain embodiments provided in the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: The present invention provides a method for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image. The method mainly involves performing phase enrichment on remote sensing image data and extracting structural information by utilizing spatial features to obtain structural information of a hidden area. The method in the present invention can interpret the structure information of the hidden area accurately, quickly, economically and effectively. In addition, the method is suitable for interpreting surface scans, can interpret covert geological structural information based on a surface region, and has relatively good applicability in conducting mineral exploration, covert target detection, hydrological resources, engineering, etc. Save manpower and material resources and achieve twice the performance with half the effort in interpreting the hidden geological structural information.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    In order to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments are briefly described below. FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method according to the invention for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image; FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a method according to the invention for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image; and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an interpretation image of hidden structural information and a verification result of the hidden structural information according to the present invention, FIG. 3 (a) showing an interpretation image of hidden structural information obtained by applying the method according to the invention, and FIG. b) is a schematic diagram of verified hidden structure information.
    DETAILED PRESENTATION
    In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying figures in some embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some rather than all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments which can be made by one skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention without creative effort also fall within the scope of this invention.
    An object of this invention is to provide a method of extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image to solve the problems that an existing method of interpreting hidden geological structural information is high in cost and low in accuracy and hidden geological structural information on the Cannot interpret the basis of a surface region.
    In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures.
    [0009] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method according to the invention for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image. FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a method according to the invention for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the method according to the invention for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image comprises in particular the following steps: Step 101: Obtaining an image pair with two coherent scenes, which is recorded in a predetermined time interval in the same image region.
    A target region is used as the imaging area, and an initial pair of images with at least two scenes available for interference are captured in the same imaging region. The first pair of images contains radar image data from two scenes in an L-band. The radar image data contain intensity and phase information, and the interval between the recording times of the radar image data of the two scenes is about one year.
    An image pair with two coherent scenes, which is recorded in a predetermined time interval in the same image area, is preferably selected from several pairs of output images, that is, coherent radar image data of two scenes in a time interval of one year in an L-band are preferred Image pair selected for subsequent processing.
    Step 102: (Pre) processing of the data of each scene in the image pair in order to generate an image pair to be interfered.
    The (pre) processing, including focusing, multi-look processing, registration, filtering, radiometric calibration, geometry correction and enhancement processing, is performed on data of each scene in the preferred image pair in order to use SLC radar image data of the two scenes as to generate a pair of images to be interfered. The preprocessing process of the image pair can be implemented, for example, by using radar processing software (e.g. GAMMA software).
    Step 103: Calculating an interferometric phase between the SLC radar images of the two scenes in the image pair to be interfered.
    A radar phase principle shows that microtopography and creep information can be expressed in phases with high precision. Such a micro-topographic deformation is invisible and cannot be achieved by an optical method. Therefore, in order to obtain such microtopography and creep information, a radar phase information extraction method should be used to obtain weak change information from large deformations. Therefore, the present invention can also be viewed as a method of amplifying weak change information.
    As shown in Figure 2, the weak information phase difference processing in the present invention mainly includes phase interference, auxiliary phase extraction, phase difference processing, and phase unfolding. The method of processing phase interference involves three data processing methods: phase interference, baseline estimation, and earth trend removal.
    Phase interference means the estimation of SLC images of the image pair to be interfered in order to calculate an interferometric phase between S the SLC radar images of the two scenes of the image pair to be interfered.
    The interferometric phase includes the ϕ ϕdef information about the surface deformation during two imaging times in the imaging region and also includes topographical information ϕtopo, a reference ellipsoid trend phase, ϕflat, which results from a curvature of the earth, an orbit error ϕorbit, an atmospheric effect ϕatmosund noise information informationennoiseauseaus temporal decorrelation results, so:ϕ = ϕdef + ϕtopo + ϕflat + ϕorbit + ϕatmos + ϕnoise (1)
    Step 104: Carrying out a baseline estimation corresponding to the image pair to be interfered and the interferometric phase in order to obtain a baseline of the interfered image pair.
    The baseline estimation is mainly used to estimate a data feature and the quality of an image to be disrupted by analyzing satellite orbit information. In the present invention, the baseline estimation is carried out as a function of the image pair to be interfered and the interferometric phase in order to obtain the baseline of the interfered image pair ϕ. The baseline of the pair of interference images comprises a horizontal and a vertical baseline.
    Step 105: Removal of a flat earth effect of the imaging region corresponding to the interfered image pair baseline and the interferometric phase in order to generate an interferometric phase after the flat earth removal.
    During interference processing, an orbit parameter can be used to remove the reference ellipsoidal phase trend ϕflatzu. In general, with a relatively short baseline, the orbital error ϕorbit is relatively small and can be ignored, while the noise information can be suppressed by filtering ϕnoise. A measurement error ϕatmos caused by the atmospheric effect manifests itself as low-frequency information on a spatial scale and can be ignored.
    The flat earth effect of the target region is removed with the aid of the image pair baseline and the interferometric phase in order to obtain the interferometric phase ϕyn after the removal of the flat earth. The interferometric phase y after the plane distance from the earth, obtained after the previous processing, mainly comprises a microtopography phase and a microdeformation phase, i.e .:ϕy = ϕdef + ϕtopo (2)
    Step 106: obtaining an elevation phase of the imaging region.
    The process of obtaining an auxiliary boost phase mainly includes switching the boost phase and the construction process of an auxiliary suppression parameter. First, a digital elevation model (DEM) of the imaging region is obtained and an elevation phase ϕm of the imaging region is generated by switching elevation phases according to the elevation information (i.e. elevation information m) in the DEM. This process can be implemented with the help of software.
    Step 107: Determination of a differential phase corresponding to the interferometric phase after the removal or erosion of the ground and the altitude phase.
    A main principle of the present invention is that features of microgeomorphology and micro-deformation can reflect hidden structural information, and geological field interpretation is also performed based on micro-geomorphology and micro-deformation. Some hidden structures are actually related to microgeomorphology and micro deformation. However, conventional synthetic aperture interferometric radars (INSAR) and D-INSAR (Differential InSAR) only focus on the obvious geomorphology and serious deformations, but ignore the micro-deformation. Therefore, their accuracy when interpreting hidden structures is low.
    In the present invention, the micro-topography and micro-deformation can be improved by setting a virtual gain parameter K in order to increase the accuracy in the interpretation of hidden structural information.
    The method for obtaining an auxiliary lift phase in the present invention further includes presetting altitude information. Assuming that the altitude information is altitude information m, the ϕm-phase information can be obtained by switching altitude phases. An auxiliary suppression parameter (i.e., a phase format K for checking information parameters) is constructed to suppress strong disturbances and amplify weak disturbances.
    The phase format K is introduced for checking the information parameters in order to obtain an auxiliary increase phase from the phase information ϕxϕm:ϕx = K × ϕm (3)where ϕm is the elevation phase, K is the phase format of the checking of information parameters and the auxiliary elevation phase ϕx.
    The differential phase correction is carried out on the auxiliary elevation phase ϕx in order to suppress strong deformation information and to improve or amplify weak deformation information. Specifically, the phase difference processing includes the determination of a differential phase ϕ according to the interferometric phase ϕy after the planar earth removal and the auxiliary elevation phase ϕx.ϕz = ϕy- ϕx (4)
    Step 108: carrying out the unwinding of the phase (phase unwrapping) in accordance with the difference phase in order to generate an unwound phase.
    Specifically, the phase unfolding includes: performing the phase unfolding after the differential phase ϕz using a branch intersection area growth method, a minimum cost flow method, a least squares method, a multigrid method, or a Green function method to generate the developed phase. The above-mentioned phase development process can be implemented with the help of software.
    Step 109: geocoding according to the phase development in order to generate an encoded phase development.
    The phase development and geocoding takes place on the phase determined by the phase difference processing using the auxiliary elevation phase, the geocoding being mainly used for inputting geographic coordinates for an image using satellite orbit parameters. Hidden structural information can be extracted from a coded image through geological interpretation.
    In the present invention, post-phase geocoding is performed to generate a coded phase development, the coded phase development including coordinate information of the mapping region, i.e., latitude and longitude information of points in the target region.
    Step 110: Overlaying the coded phase development with other information of the mapping area in order to generate an overlaid integrated information graph.
    According to FIG. 2, a method for obtaining structural information in the present invention essentially comprises three steps: information overlay, information analysis, geological interpretation and information extraction.
    The process of information overlay includes: obtaining geological information, structural information, and a remote sensing optical image of a target region; and overlaying an encoded unsettled phase, the geological information, the structural information and the remote sensing optical image using a GIS platform (Geographic Information System or Geographic Information System) to obtain an overlaid integrated information graph.
    The GIS can overlay various types of relevant information according to certain coordinates of ground object information. When the GIS is used to superimpose multi-element information, it is first necessary to provide accurate notes for the projection parameters of the various information, and to unify the projection parameters of the information so that a same earth model, projection mode, mark, etc. the information is used to avoid positional or other errors. A layer is then provided for each type of information. For example, if MAPGIS (a general utility: Geographic Information Systems Software) is used for processing, some maps require reorganization of “point”, “line” or “area”. “Dot” stands for text and marking information; "Line" represents a fault, various geological boundaries, etc .; and “area” stands for a geological body, etc. Finally, with the help of the GIS platform, various types of information are overlaid and an overlaid integrated information graph is output. The overlaid integrated information graph comprises a vectorized remote sensing layer, a structural layer and a geological layer.
    Step 111: Performing the geological interpretation and information extraction on the overlaid integrated information graph in order to generate an interpretation image of the hidden structural information in the imaging area.
    The projection transformation and the coordinate registration are performed on the vectorized remote sensing layer, the structural layer and the geological layer using the GIS platform; and intersection analysis, discriminant analysis, weighted overlay analysis, or other extensive processing is performed to examine a shape, intensity, and space distribution rule and their meaning to preliminarily identify a structure. In addition, various types of information are comprehensively analyzed on the GIS platform. Then, with reference to auxiliary information obtained through geological field surveys, Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning technology, etc., a geological interpretation method is used to accurately identify the structure based on the extensive analysis of multi-source information to generate an interpretation image of the hidden structural information. Structural information corresponding to the interpretation image of the hidden geological structural information can be extracted from the identified structure.
    Step 112: reading out hidden structural information in the imaging region from the interpretation image of the hidden structural information.
    The interpretation image of the hidden structure information includes hidden structure information such as a main hidden defect, a hidden defect, a speculative hidden defect, and a circular structure. Hidden structural information in the imaging region can be read out from the interpretation image of the hidden structural information.
    Furthermore, the accuracy of the method for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image is checked in this invention.
    Radar intensity images, optical remote sensing information, and information on geological field surveys, geological information, etc. are used to check and verify the accuracy of the hidden structural information obtained by the method used in the present invention. So z. For example, information such as vegetation and water content is used to determine whether the structural information is correct. A verification result is shown in FIG. Figure 3 (a) is an interpretation picture of hidden structural information obtained by applying the method used in the present invention. An arrow in Figure 3 (a) indicates an extracted hidden structure. Figure 3 (b) is a schematic representation of the verified hidden structural information. It can be seen from Figure 3 (b) that the buried structure extracted by the method used in the present invention matches features such as the actual continuous vegetation distribution. By checking on the basis of a large number of experimental results, the interpretation accuracy of the method for obtaining hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image in the present invention is over 80%. The present invention is characterized by low cost and high accuracy and is suitable for the interpretation of surface scans.
    The present invention provides a new method for obtaining structural information from a hidden area at a certain depth underground by remote sensing. The method is applicable to the extraction of hidden structural information of a quaternary hidden area, a loess-hidden area and a gob-hidden area. In the present invention, radar phase enrichment is performed and structural information can be extracted through extensive spatial feature analysis. In this case, the method can solve the problems that it is difficult to obtain information on the underground structure of a hidden area and that the structural information of a hidden area cannot be found by remote sensing and so on. The method according to the invention mainly comprises the implementation of phase enrichment of remote sensing data and the extraction of structural information by using spatial features in order to obtain structural information of a hidden area. The method can accurately, quickly, economically and effectively interpret the structural information of the hidden area and has relatively good prospects of application in conducting mineral exploration, discovering hidden targets, hydrological resources, engineering, etc. In addition, the method can take time, manpower and Saving material resources can double the performance with half the effort due to new technological developments in science and engineering.
    In this specification, the principles and embodiments of the present invention are illustrated using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is provided for understanding the method of the present invention and its basic principles. Furthermore, one skilled in the art can make various modifications with respect to specific embodiments and areas of application according to the teachings of the present invention. The content of this specification is therefore not to be understood as a limitation of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. A method for extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image, the method comprising:Obtaining an image pair with two coherent scenes, which is recorded in a predetermined time interval in the same image region;Processing data of each scene in the image pair to generate an image pair to be interfered, the image pair to be interfered comprising single look complex (SLC) radar images of the two scenes;Calculation of an interferometric phase between the SLC radar images of the two scenes in the image pair to be interfered, the interferometric phase during two imaging times in the imaging area comprising the following information: surface deformation information, topographical information, a reference ellipsoid trend phase resulting from an earth's curvature, a Orbit errors, an atmospheric effect and noise information resulting from the spatio-temporal decorrelation;Performing a baseline estimation in accordance with the image pair to be interfered and the interferometric phase to obtain an interfered image pair baseline;Removing a flat earth effect of the imaging area according to the interfered image pair baseline and the interferometric phase to produce an interferometric phase after the removal of the flat earth effect, the interferometric phase after the removal of the flat earth effect the surface deformation information and comprises the topographical information during two imaging times in the imaging area;obtaining an elevation phase of the imaging area;the determination of a differential phase corresponding to the interferometric phase after the planar earth removal and the elevation phase;Performing phase unwinding in accordance with the differential phase to generate an unwound phase;Carrying out geocoding in accordance with the developed phase to generate a coded developed phase, the coded developed phase containing coordinate information of the mapping area;superimposing the encoded phase development with other information of the mapping area to produce an overlaid integrated information graph;Performing the geological interpretation and information extraction of the overlaid integrated information graph in order to generate an interpretation image of the hidden structural information in the imaging area; andReading out hidden structural information in the imaging region from the interpretation image of the hidden structural information.
    [2]
    2. The method for extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image according to claim 1, wherein the extraction of an altitude phase of the imaging area specifically comprises:the acquisition of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the imaging region; andGeneration of the elevation phase ϕm of the imaging region by switching the elevation phase according to the elevation information in the DEM.
    [3]
    3. The method for extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image according to claim 2, wherein the determination of a differential phase corresponding to the interferometric phase after the removal of the earth and the elevation phase specifically comprises:Determining an auxiliary enhancement phase ϕx corresponding to the enhancement phase ϕm using a formula ϕx = K × ϕm, where K is a phase format for checking information parameters; andDetermination of the differential phase ϕ according to the interferometric phase ϕy after the level removal of the earth and the auxiliary elevation phase ϕx with the help of a formula ϕz = ϕy- ϕx.
    [4]
    4. The method for extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image according to claim 3, wherein performing the phase unfolding in accordance with the differential phase to generate a developed phase specifically comprises:Performing phase unfolding according to the differential phase ϕz using a branch intersection region growth method, a minimum cost flow method, a least squares method, a multi-grid method, or a Green's function method to generate the developed phase.
    [5]
    5. The method for extracting hidden geological structural information from a remote sensing image according to claim 4, wherein the superimposing of the coded, unfolded phase with other information of the imaging area to generate an overlaid integrated information graph specifically comprises:the overlay of the coded phase development with geological information, structural information and an optical remote sensing image of the imaging region in order to generate the overlaid integrated information graph.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    优先权:
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